Keywords
facial injuries, epidemiology, pediatrics, adolescents, facial bones.
Abstract
Facial trauma has major characteristics
that affect the diagnosis and treatment of
children and adolescents.
Objective: To analyze the epidemiology of
facial trauma in children and adolescents in
a hospital in the south of Brazil.
Materials and methods: An analytical crosssectional
cohort study was conducted between
2000 and 2010 at Hospital Sao Vicente de
Paulo, Passo Fundo, Brazil. Various factors
were identified: etiological agents, gender,
facial fractures and the existence of body
injuries associated with facial trauma.
Results: Facial injuries were more common
than in the adolescent group (75.6%)
compared to the pediatric population
(24.3%). The jaw was the most affected
bone (33.5%). Cranial trauma was the most
common associated lesion in the pediatric
population (33%).
Conclusion: Men have a higher prevalence
of facial trauma and adolescents tend to be
more affected.
References
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Maxillofac Surg. 2007; 65:891- 4.
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66(11): 2239-2242.
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facial fractures: recent advances in prevention,
diagnosis and management. Int J Oral
Maxillofac Surg. 2005; 34:823-33.
24. Thorén H, Snäll J, Salo J, Taipale LS, Kormi E,
Lindqvist C, Törnwall J. Occurrence and Types
of Associated Injuries in Patients With Fractures
of the Facial Bones. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.
2010; 68:805-10.
Craniofacial Trauma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.
2008 Jan; 66 (1): 58–64.
2. Shand JM, Heggie AA. Maxillofacial injuries
at the Royal Children’s Hospital of Melbourne:
a five year review. Ann R Australas Coll Dent
Surg. 2000;15:166-9.
3. Vyas RM, Dickinson BP, Wasson KL, Roostaeian
J. Bradley JP. Pediatric facial fractures:
current national incidence, distribution, and
health care resource use. J Craniofac Surg.
2008;19:339-50.
4. Iatrou I, Theologie-Lygidakis N, Tzerbos F. Surgical
protocols and outcome for the treatment
of maxillofacial fractures in children: 9 years
experience. J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial. 2010;
38:511-16.
5. Qing-Bin Z, Qiang ZZ, Dan C, Yan Z. Epidemiology
of maxillofacial injury in children
under 15 years of age in southern China.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol
2013;115:436-441.
6. Ferreira PC, Amarante JM, Silva PN, Rodrigues
JM, Choupina MP, Silva AC, Barbosa RF, Cardoso
MA, Reis JC. Retrospective study of 1251
maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115:1500-8.
7. Bittencourt OTC, Londero RLC, Marques
CG, Piatto VN, Maniglia JV, Molina FD. Six
years of facial trauma care: an epidemiological
analysis of 355 cases. Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol.
(Impr.) [Internet]. 2010 Oct; 76(5): 565-574.
8. Portoman M, Torriani MA. Estudo de prevalência
das fraturas bucomaxilofacias na região
de Pelotas. Rev. Odonto. Cienc. 2005; 20:63-8.
9. Andrighetti RZ, Birnfeld WJC, Volkweis RM,
Gerhardt EL, Buchmann EM, Bavaresco CS.
Epidemiological study of facial fractures at the
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Santa
Casa de Misericordia Hospital Complex, Porto
Alegre - RS - Brazil. Rev. Col. Bras. Cir. 2017;
44(5): 491-497.
10. Barker R, Hockey R, Spinks D, Miles E. Facial
Injury. Injury Bulletin Queensland Injury Surveillance
Unit. 2003; 79:1-6.
11. Haug RH, Foss J: Maxillofacial injuries in the
pediatric patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral
Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000; 90:126.
12. Holland AJ, Broome C, Steinberg A: Facial
fractures in children. Pediatr Emerg Care.
2001; 17:157.
13. Gassner R, Tarkan T, Hachl O, Moreira R,
Ulmer H. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in children:
A Review of 3,385 Cases With 6,060 Injuries
in 10 Years. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;
62:399-407.
14. Rahman RA, Ramli R, Rahman NA, Hussaini
HM, Idrus SM, Hamid AL. Maxillofacial
trauma of paediatric patients in Malaysia: a retrospective
study from 1999 to 2001 in three
hospitals. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;
71: 929 - 936.
15. Nardis AC, Costa SAP, Silva RA, Kaba SCP.
Patterns of paediatric facial fractures in a hospital
of Sao Paulo, Brazil: a retrospective study of
3 years. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.
2013; 41:226-229.
16. Crockett DM, Mungo RP, Thompson RE.
Maxillofacial trauma. Pediatr Clin North Am.
1989;36:1471–1494.
17. Oji C. Fractures of the facial skeleton in children:
A survey of patients under the age of 11
years. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1998; 26: 322–
325.
18. Ukpong DI, Ugboko VI, Nduke K C, Gbolahan
O. Psychological Complications of Maxillofacial
Trauma: Preliminary Findings From a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital. J Oral
Maxillofac Surg. 2007; 65:891- 4.
19. Scariot R, de Oliveira IA, Passeri LA, Rebellato
NL, Muller PR. Maxillofacial injuries in a
group of Brazilian subjects under 18 years of
age. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009; 17:195-8.
20. Jennings RB. Facial Fractures in Children. Otolaryngologic
Clinics of North America, Oct
2014; 47(5), 747-761.
21. Johnson SB, Blum RW, Giedd J. Adolescent
Maturity and the Brain: The promise and pitfalls
of neuroscience research in adolescent
health policy. J Adol Health, 2009; 45(3): 216-
221.Surg 2010; 38: 511-16.
22. Li Z, Li ZB. Characteristic changes of paediatric
maxillofacial fractures in China during the
past 20 years. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 2008;
66(11): 2239-2242.
23. Zimmermann CE, Troulis MJ, Kaban L. Pediatric
facial fractures: recent advances in prevention,
diagnosis and management. Int J Oral
Maxillofac Surg. 2005; 34:823-33.
24. Thorén H, Snäll J, Salo J, Taipale LS, Kormi E,
Lindqvist C, Törnwall J. Occurrence and Types
of Associated Injuries in Patients With Fractures
of the Facial Bones. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.
2010; 68:805-10.