Versions
- 2024-07-12 (2)
- 2021-09-30 (1)
Keywords
COVID-19
oral manifestation
oral mucosa
oral manifestation
oral mucosa
How to Cite
Oral manifestations associated with SARS-COV-2: A literature review. (2021). Odontoestomatología, 23(38). https://doi.org/10.22592/ode2021n37e304
Abstract
Objective: Identify the main oral manifestations associated with COVID19 and describe their location in the oral cavity.
Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, LILACS, LIVIVO, Web of Science, and SciELO. The following words were searched for: oral mucosa, oral mucosa lesion, oral manifestations, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2. Duplicate articles were eliminated, and the pieces were shortlisted. Finally, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.
Results: This study included 47 articles. The main oral manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are taste disorders, xerostomia, ulcers, vesicles, and others located in different areas of the oral mucosa.
Conclusions More studies are needed to determine the potential oral etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, dentists play a significant role in the multidisciplinary and telemedicine team.
References
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5.Corchuelo J, Ulloa FC. Oral manifestations in a patient with a history of asymptomatic COVID-19: Case report. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:154-157.
6.Díaz Rodríguez M, Jimenez Romera A, Villarroel M. Oral manifestations associated with COVID-19. Oral Dis. 2020; doi: 10.1111/odi.13555.
7.Orellana-Centeno JE, Morales-Castillo V, Guerrero SRN. Generalidades, manejos, cuidados y manifestaciones clínicas del SARS-CoV-2. Rev ADM. 2020;77(3):153-155.
8.Pant, B. COVID-19: Oral manifestations, impact and lessons for the future. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal. 2020; 10(2), 52–54.
9.Parra–Sanabria EA, Bermúdez–Bermúdez M, Peña–Vega CP, Rueda–Jiménez A. Manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales asociadas a la COVID-19. Revisión de la literatura. Acta Odont Col. 2020; 10(Supl. COVID-19): 60-80.
10.Amorim Dos Santos J, Normando AGC, Carvalho da Silva RL, De Paula RM, Cembranel AC, Santos-Silva AR, Guerra ENS. Oral mucosal lesions in a COVID-19 patient: New signs or secondary manifestations? Int J Infect Dis. 2020;97:326-328.
11.Amorim Dos Santos J, Normando AGC, Carvalho da Silva RL, Acevedo AC, De Luca Canto G, Sugaya N, Santos-Silva AR, Guerra ENS. Oral Manifestations in Patients with COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review. J Dent Res. 2020;11:22034520957289.
12.Cruz Tapia RO, Peraza Labrador AJ, Guimaraes DM, Matos Valdez LH. Oral mucosal lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Report of four cases. Are they a true sign of COVID-19 disease? Spec Care Dentist. 2020;1-6.
13.Ciccarese G, Drago F, Boatti M, Porro A, Muzic SI, Parodi A. Oral erosions and petechiae during SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol. 2020;10.1002/jmv.26221.
14.Cornejo-Ovalle Marco, Espinoza-Santander Iris. COVID-19 y manifestaciones orales. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2020;14( 4 ):538-539.
15.Maciel PP, Martelli Júnior H, Martelli DRB, Machado RA, Andrade PV, Perez DEC, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: oral repercussions and its possible impact on oral health. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2020; 20(supp1):e0138.
16.Pedrosa MS, Sipert CR, Nogueira FN. Salivary glands, saliva and oral findings in COVID-19 infection. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2020; 20(supp1):e0104.
17.Nemeth-Kohanszky María Eugenia, Matus-Abásolo Carolina Paz, Carrasco-Soto Rolando Rafael. Manifestaciones Orales de la Infección por COVID-19. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2020; 14(4):555-560.
18.Gutiérrez Flores R, Zambrano Rodríguez G. Implicaciones bucales por COVID-19. Revisión de tema. Odontol Sanmarquina.2020;23(4):419-23.
19.Capocasale G, Nocini R, Faccioni P, Donadello D, Bertossi D, Albanese M, Zotti F. How to deal with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive narrative review about oral involvement of the disease. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2020;10.1002/cre2.332.
20.Halboub E, Al-Maweri SA, Alanazi RH, Qaid NM, Abdulrab S. Orofacial manifestations of COVID-19: a brief review of the published literature. Braz Oral Res 2020;34:e124.
21.Odeh ND, Babkair H, Abu-Hammad S, Borzangy S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. COVID-19: Present and Future Challenges for Dental Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3151.
22.Abalo-Lojo JM, Pouso-Diz JM, Gonzalez F. Taste and Smell Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2020; 129(10):1041-1042.
23.Katz J,Yue S. Increased odds ratio for COVID 19 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2020;00:1-4.
24.Pastrian G. Presencia y expresión del receptor ACE2 (Target de SARS-CoV-2) en tejidos humanos y cavidad oral.Posibles rutas de infección en órganos orales. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2020;14(4):501-507.
25.Riad A, Kassem I, Hockova B, Badrah M, Klugar M. Halitosis in COVID-19 patients. Spec Care Dentist. 2020;1-3.
26.de Sousa FACG, Paradella TC. Considerations on oral manifestations of COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93:667-668.
27.Iranmanesh B, Khalili M, Amiri R, Zartab H, Aflatoonian M. Oral manifestations of COVID ‐19 disease: A review article. Dermatologic Therapy. 2020;e14578.
28.Riad A, Klugar M, Krsek M. COVID-19-Related Oral Manifestations: Early Disease Features? Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-3.
29.Soares CD, Carvalho RA, Carvalho KA, Carvalho MG, Almeida OP. Letter to Editor: Oral lesions in a patient with COVID-19. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020;25(4):e563-e564.
30.Martín Carreras-Presas C, Amaro Sánchez J, López-Sánchez AF, Jané-Salas E, Somacarrera Pérez ML. Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-3.
31.Cebeci Kahraman F, Çaşkurlu H. Mucosal involvement in a COVID-19-positive patient: A case report. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(4):e13797.
32.Alzahrani MJ, Moussa MM, Alfaraj D. Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis After COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report From Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11609.
33.Riad A, Kassem I, Hockova B, Badrah M, Klugar M. Tongue ulcers associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case series. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-3.
34.Cebeci Kahraman F, Özen T, Elibol T. Lip necrosis in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Can it be triggered by COVID-19? J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19:3168–3170.
35.Ansari R, Gheitani M, Heidari F, Heidari F. Oral cavity lesions as a manifestation of the novel virus (COVID-19). Oral Dis. 2020.
36.Sinjari B, D'Ardes D, Santilli M, Rexhepi I, D'Addazio G, Di Carlo P, Chiacchiaretta P, Caputi S, Cipollone F. SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Manifestation: An Observational, Human Study. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3218.
37.Bakar Dertli̇oglu S . Skin rashes in COVID-19: A report of three cases. J Health Sci Med 2020; 3(4): 490-492.
38.Bemquerer LM, de Arruda JAA, Soares MPD, Mesquita RA, Silva TA. The oral cavity cannot be forgotten in the COVID-19 era: is there a connection between dermatological and oral manifestations?, J American Academy Dermatol 2020; S0190-9622(20)33073-5.
39.Riad A, Gad A, Hockova B, Klugar M. Oral Candidiasis in Non-Severe COVID-19 Patients: Call for Antibiotic Stewardship. Oral Surg. 2020; doi: 10.1111/ors.12561.
40.Passarelli PC, Lopez MA, Mastandrea Bonaviri GN, Garcia-Godoy F, D'Addona A. Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection. Am J Dent. 2020;33(3):135-137.
41.Eghbali Zarch R, Hosseinzadeh P.COVID-19 from the perspective of dentists: A case report and brief review of more than 170 cases. Dermatologic Therapy.2021;e14717.
42.Kitakawa D, Oliveira FE, Neves de Castro P, Carvalho LFCS. Short report - Herpes simplex lesion in the lip semimucosa in a COVID-19 patient. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(17):9151-9153.
43.de Carvalho L, Kitakawa D, Cabral LAG. Oral lesions of herpes zoster in COVID-19 patients or truly associated to the disease? Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-2.
44.Nuno-Gonzalez A, Martin-Carrillo P, Magaletsky K, Martin Rios MD, Herranz Mañas C, Artigas et al. Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations in 666 patients with COVID-19 in a field hospital in Spain: oral and palmoplantar findings. Br J Dermatol. 2020;184:158-185.
45.Abu-Hammad S, Dar-Odeh N, Abu-Hammad O. SARS-CoV-2 and oral ulcers: A causative agent or a predisposing factor? Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-2.
46.Mascitti H, Bonsang B, Dinh A, Assan F, Perronne V, Leblanc T, Duran C, Bouchand F, Matt M, Le Gal A, N'guyen Van Thanh J, Lanore A, Jacob L, Kiavue N, Siméon S, Bessis S, de Truchis P, Landowski S, Davido B, Moreau F, Rameix-Welti MA, Gault E, Gaillard JL, Roux AL, Sivadon-Tardy V, Salomon E, El Sayed F, Carlier R, Emile JF, Perronne C, Bourgault-Villada I. Clinical Cutaneous Features of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalized for Pneumonia: A Cross-sectional Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(11):ofaa394.
47.Biadsee A, Biadsee A, Kassem F, Dagan O, Masarwa S, Ormianer Z. Olfactory and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19: Sex-Related Symptoms-A Potential Pathway to Early Diagnosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;163(4):722-728.
48.Patel J, Woolley J. Necrotizing periodontal disease: Oral manifestation of COVID-19. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-2.
49.Aghazadeh N, Homayouni M, Sartori-Valinotti JC. Oral vesicles and acral erythema: report of a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19. Int J Dermatol. 2020;59(9):1153-1154.
50.Ponce JB, Tjioe KC. Overlapping findings or oral manifestations in new SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-2.
2.World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Situations Reports. EPI-WIN Updates (nº 28 What we know about COVID-19). 2020 [Accessed November 05, 2020] Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
3.Worldmeter [Homepage on the internet] COVID‐19 Coronavirus Pandemic. 2020 [Accessed October 21, 2020]. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
4.Ortiz-Prado E, Simbaña-Rivera K, Gómez-Barreno L, et al. Clinical, molecular, and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;98(1):115094.
5.Corchuelo J, Ulloa FC. Oral manifestations in a patient with a history of asymptomatic COVID-19: Case report. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:154-157.
6.Díaz Rodríguez M, Jimenez Romera A, Villarroel M. Oral manifestations associated with COVID-19. Oral Dis. 2020; doi: 10.1111/odi.13555.
7.Orellana-Centeno JE, Morales-Castillo V, Guerrero SRN. Generalidades, manejos, cuidados y manifestaciones clínicas del SARS-CoV-2. Rev ADM. 2020;77(3):153-155.
8.Pant, B. COVID-19: Oral manifestations, impact and lessons for the future. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal. 2020; 10(2), 52–54.
9.Parra–Sanabria EA, Bermúdez–Bermúdez M, Peña–Vega CP, Rueda–Jiménez A. Manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales asociadas a la COVID-19. Revisión de la literatura. Acta Odont Col. 2020; 10(Supl. COVID-19): 60-80.
10.Amorim Dos Santos J, Normando AGC, Carvalho da Silva RL, De Paula RM, Cembranel AC, Santos-Silva AR, Guerra ENS. Oral mucosal lesions in a COVID-19 patient: New signs or secondary manifestations? Int J Infect Dis. 2020;97:326-328.
11.Amorim Dos Santos J, Normando AGC, Carvalho da Silva RL, Acevedo AC, De Luca Canto G, Sugaya N, Santos-Silva AR, Guerra ENS. Oral Manifestations in Patients with COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review. J Dent Res. 2020;11:22034520957289.
12.Cruz Tapia RO, Peraza Labrador AJ, Guimaraes DM, Matos Valdez LH. Oral mucosal lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Report of four cases. Are they a true sign of COVID-19 disease? Spec Care Dentist. 2020;1-6.
13.Ciccarese G, Drago F, Boatti M, Porro A, Muzic SI, Parodi A. Oral erosions and petechiae during SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol. 2020;10.1002/jmv.26221.
14.Cornejo-Ovalle Marco, Espinoza-Santander Iris. COVID-19 y manifestaciones orales. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2020;14( 4 ):538-539.
15.Maciel PP, Martelli Júnior H, Martelli DRB, Machado RA, Andrade PV, Perez DEC, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: oral repercussions and its possible impact on oral health. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2020; 20(supp1):e0138.
16.Pedrosa MS, Sipert CR, Nogueira FN. Salivary glands, saliva and oral findings in COVID-19 infection. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2020; 20(supp1):e0104.
17.Nemeth-Kohanszky María Eugenia, Matus-Abásolo Carolina Paz, Carrasco-Soto Rolando Rafael. Manifestaciones Orales de la Infección por COVID-19. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2020; 14(4):555-560.
18.Gutiérrez Flores R, Zambrano Rodríguez G. Implicaciones bucales por COVID-19. Revisión de tema. Odontol Sanmarquina.2020;23(4):419-23.
19.Capocasale G, Nocini R, Faccioni P, Donadello D, Bertossi D, Albanese M, Zotti F. How to deal with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive narrative review about oral involvement of the disease. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2020;10.1002/cre2.332.
20.Halboub E, Al-Maweri SA, Alanazi RH, Qaid NM, Abdulrab S. Orofacial manifestations of COVID-19: a brief review of the published literature. Braz Oral Res 2020;34:e124.
21.Odeh ND, Babkair H, Abu-Hammad S, Borzangy S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. COVID-19: Present and Future Challenges for Dental Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3151.
22.Abalo-Lojo JM, Pouso-Diz JM, Gonzalez F. Taste and Smell Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2020; 129(10):1041-1042.
23.Katz J,Yue S. Increased odds ratio for COVID 19 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2020;00:1-4.
24.Pastrian G. Presencia y expresión del receptor ACE2 (Target de SARS-CoV-2) en tejidos humanos y cavidad oral.Posibles rutas de infección en órganos orales. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2020;14(4):501-507.
25.Riad A, Kassem I, Hockova B, Badrah M, Klugar M. Halitosis in COVID-19 patients. Spec Care Dentist. 2020;1-3.
26.de Sousa FACG, Paradella TC. Considerations on oral manifestations of COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93:667-668.
27.Iranmanesh B, Khalili M, Amiri R, Zartab H, Aflatoonian M. Oral manifestations of COVID ‐19 disease: A review article. Dermatologic Therapy. 2020;e14578.
28.Riad A, Klugar M, Krsek M. COVID-19-Related Oral Manifestations: Early Disease Features? Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-3.
29.Soares CD, Carvalho RA, Carvalho KA, Carvalho MG, Almeida OP. Letter to Editor: Oral lesions in a patient with COVID-19. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020;25(4):e563-e564.
30.Martín Carreras-Presas C, Amaro Sánchez J, López-Sánchez AF, Jané-Salas E, Somacarrera Pérez ML. Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-3.
31.Cebeci Kahraman F, Çaşkurlu H. Mucosal involvement in a COVID-19-positive patient: A case report. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(4):e13797.
32.Alzahrani MJ, Moussa MM, Alfaraj D. Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis After COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report From Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11609.
33.Riad A, Kassem I, Hockova B, Badrah M, Klugar M. Tongue ulcers associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case series. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-3.
34.Cebeci Kahraman F, Özen T, Elibol T. Lip necrosis in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Can it be triggered by COVID-19? J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19:3168–3170.
35.Ansari R, Gheitani M, Heidari F, Heidari F. Oral cavity lesions as a manifestation of the novel virus (COVID-19). Oral Dis. 2020.
36.Sinjari B, D'Ardes D, Santilli M, Rexhepi I, D'Addazio G, Di Carlo P, Chiacchiaretta P, Caputi S, Cipollone F. SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Manifestation: An Observational, Human Study. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3218.
37.Bakar Dertli̇oglu S . Skin rashes in COVID-19: A report of three cases. J Health Sci Med 2020; 3(4): 490-492.
38.Bemquerer LM, de Arruda JAA, Soares MPD, Mesquita RA, Silva TA. The oral cavity cannot be forgotten in the COVID-19 era: is there a connection between dermatological and oral manifestations?, J American Academy Dermatol 2020; S0190-9622(20)33073-5.
39.Riad A, Gad A, Hockova B, Klugar M. Oral Candidiasis in Non-Severe COVID-19 Patients: Call for Antibiotic Stewardship. Oral Surg. 2020; doi: 10.1111/ors.12561.
40.Passarelli PC, Lopez MA, Mastandrea Bonaviri GN, Garcia-Godoy F, D'Addona A. Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection. Am J Dent. 2020;33(3):135-137.
41.Eghbali Zarch R, Hosseinzadeh P.COVID-19 from the perspective of dentists: A case report and brief review of more than 170 cases. Dermatologic Therapy.2021;e14717.
42.Kitakawa D, Oliveira FE, Neves de Castro P, Carvalho LFCS. Short report - Herpes simplex lesion in the lip semimucosa in a COVID-19 patient. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(17):9151-9153.
43.de Carvalho L, Kitakawa D, Cabral LAG. Oral lesions of herpes zoster in COVID-19 patients or truly associated to the disease? Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-2.
44.Nuno-Gonzalez A, Martin-Carrillo P, Magaletsky K, Martin Rios MD, Herranz Mañas C, Artigas et al. Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations in 666 patients with COVID-19 in a field hospital in Spain: oral and palmoplantar findings. Br J Dermatol. 2020;184:158-185.
45.Abu-Hammad S, Dar-Odeh N, Abu-Hammad O. SARS-CoV-2 and oral ulcers: A causative agent or a predisposing factor? Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-2.
46.Mascitti H, Bonsang B, Dinh A, Assan F, Perronne V, Leblanc T, Duran C, Bouchand F, Matt M, Le Gal A, N'guyen Van Thanh J, Lanore A, Jacob L, Kiavue N, Siméon S, Bessis S, de Truchis P, Landowski S, Davido B, Moreau F, Rameix-Welti MA, Gault E, Gaillard JL, Roux AL, Sivadon-Tardy V, Salomon E, El Sayed F, Carlier R, Emile JF, Perronne C, Bourgault-Villada I. Clinical Cutaneous Features of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalized for Pneumonia: A Cross-sectional Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(11):ofaa394.
47.Biadsee A, Biadsee A, Kassem F, Dagan O, Masarwa S, Ormianer Z. Olfactory and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19: Sex-Related Symptoms-A Potential Pathway to Early Diagnosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;163(4):722-728.
48.Patel J, Woolley J. Necrotizing periodontal disease: Oral manifestation of COVID-19. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-2.
49.Aghazadeh N, Homayouni M, Sartori-Valinotti JC. Oral vesicles and acral erythema: report of a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19. Int J Dermatol. 2020;59(9):1153-1154.
50.Ponce JB, Tjioe KC. Overlapping findings or oral manifestations in new SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oral Dis. 2020;00:1-2.