Descriptive study of caregivers' knowledge about the oral health of patients with special needs at the UFRGS specialization clinic

Abstract

Introduction: People with disabilities (PwD) are individuals who require continuous special care. In this context, caregivers play a fundamental role, being a key source of support and information for maintaining the oral health of these patients.

Aim: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of caregivers of patients with disabilities treated at the specialization clinic for patients with special needs at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).

Methodology: This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, carried out through a structured questionnaire. The research was approved by the UFRGS Research Ethics Committee (approval number 7.528.334) and conducted between January and June 2025, involving 40 caregivers.

Results: Among the participants, 74.4% were mothers. Regarding the patients, 24.3% were aged between 18 and 29 years, 56.4% were male, and 32.7% had autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, 64.1% received their diagnosis between 0 and 5 years old, and 84.6% lived in Porto Alegre or the metropolitan area. Concerning oral health care, 65.4% of caregivers were responsible for the patients’ oral hygiene, and 87.2% had received prior guidance. Despite this, 70.8% reported low or moderate patient cooperation, and only 46.2% believed that oral hygiene was performed regularly. Toothbrushing frequency was two to three times daily in 79.5% of cases.

Conclusion: Caregivers have an active role in the oral care of PwD. However, most consider their knowledge to be average, highlighting the need for ongoing education and professional guidance.XX Reunión Anual SUIO - 15 y 16 de agosto 2025.