Resumo
Os vidros bioativos (vb) são materiais cerâmicos com uma composição química tal
que eles possuem a propriedade de induzir
e conduzir a mineralização dos tecidos. A
obtenção desses vidros por meio do método sol-gel e a possibilidade de obtenção de
partículas nanométricas ampliaram e reforçaram as indicações desses materiais.
As propriedades antibacterianas dovb são
uma característica marcante; é devido à liberação de íons que alcaliniza o meio, atuando
nas colônias bacterianas.
As aplicações médicas e odontológicas desses materiais são muito amplas, destacando-se a regeneração óssea, a remineralização
dos tecidos duros e o tratamento da hipersensibilidade. No entanto, por serem materiais com estrutura química amorfa, suas
propriedades mecânicas não são boas, sendo
essa a sua principal limitação para aplicação
clínica na área de odontologia restauradora.
Nesse sentido, a pesquisa científica tem se
concentrado em determinar a possibilidade
de incorporar vb em vários materiais odontológicos, como forma de combinar sua
bioatividade com propriedades mecânicas
apropriadas.
Até agora, não foi possível determinar a
proporção e metodologia para incorporar
vb em materiais odontológicos sem alterar
seu comportamento clínico, razão pela qual
mais pesquisas são necessárias.
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