Evaluation of the expression of GALECTIN-3, P53, and CD90 in radicular cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastomas: an immunohistochemical assessment

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), p53, and CD90 in radicular cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastomas, and to correlate their expression with clinicopathological features.

Methods: This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study will be conducted through the evaluation of histological samples previously diagnosed at the Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Oral Medicine of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Republic. Clinicopathological data will be collected and recorded in an electronic spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel). For immunohistochemistry, samples will be incubated with primary antibodies against Gal-3, p53, and CD90. Immunohistochemical expression will be independently and blindly evaluated by two observers using a semiquantitative scoring system that considers both the intensity and the percentage of positive cells. The obtained data will be statistically processed to compare biomarker expression among the three types of lesions and to establish possible correlations with clinicopathological variables.

Expected Results: It is expected that the expression of Gal-3, p53, and CD90 will reveal molecular differences among radicular cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastomas, contributing to differential diagnosis, prognostic estimation, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.